DIFFER–Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
B. Kool, G. L. Derks, T. A. Wijkamp, J. T. W. Koenders & M. van Berkel
Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
B. Kool, K. Verhaegh, G. L. Derks, T. A. Wijkamp & J. T. W. Koenders
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority–Culham Campus, Culham, UK
K. Verhaegh, N. Lonigro, G. McArdle, C. Vincent, S. S. Henderson & N. Osborne
York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, UK
N. Lonigro
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
J. Lovell, F. Federici, F. Federici, B. A. Lomanowski, J. Lore, J. Lovell & H. R. Wilson
Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany
D. Brida, M. Bernert, M. Dunne, M. Faitsch & B. Sieglin
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
H. Reimerdes, F. Bagnato, A. Balestri, M. Baquero Ruiz, P. Blanchard, M. Carpita, J. Cazabonne, S. Coda, C. Colandrea, C. Contre, J. Decker, G. Durr Legoupil Nicoud, B. Duval, F. Felici, O. Fevrier, A. Frank, D. Galassi, C. Galperti, T. Goodman, S. Gorno, M. Hoppe, E. Huett, A. Iantchenko, A. Jansen van Vuuren, R. Karimov, A. N. Karpushov, M. Kong, O. Krutkin, U. Kumar, B. Labit, M. Y. K. Lee, A. Listopad, D. Mancini, G. Marceca, S. Marchioni, M. Marin, L. Martinelli, S. Mazzi, A. Merle, P. Molna, J. M. Moret, D. Mykytchuk, N. Offeddu, D. Oliveira, F. Pastore, A. Pau, A. Perek, Y. Poels, J. Poley, L. Porte, P. Puglia, H. Raj, O. Sauter, U. Sheikh, L. Simons, G. Y. Sun, D. Testa, C. Theiler, E. Tonello, C. Tsui, M. Vallar, S. Van Mulders, M. van Rossem, B. Vincent, N. M. T. Vu, H. Weisen, C. Wuethrich & M. Zurita
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
N. Osborne
Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, University of Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Padova, Italy
D. Abate, M. Agostini, F. Auriemma, L. Balbinot, T. Bolzonella, D. Bonfiglio, M. Bonotto, L. Cordaro, N. Ferron, M. Gambrioli, M. Gobbin, P. Innocente, M. La Matina, J. Lombardo, R. Lorenzini, P. Martin, A. Murari, P. Muscente, L. Pigatto, L. Piron, I. Predebon, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stagni, D. Terranova, E. Tomasina, M. Ugoletti, M. Valisa, M. Veranda, N. Vianello, P. Vincenzi, P. Zanca & M. Zuin
Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
J. Adamek, P. Bilkova, K. Bogar, P. Bohm, I. Borodkina, J. Caloud, A. Casolari, J. Cavalier, J. Cerovsky, R. Dejarnac, M. Dimitrova, M. Farník, O. Ficker, O. Grover, J. Horacek, K. Hromasova, M. Imrisek, F. Jaulmes, M. Komm, E. Macusova, T. Markovic, E. Matveeva, J. Mlynar, A. Podolnik, M. Sos, J. Svoboda, M. Tomes, P. Vondracek, V. Yanovskiy & G. Zadvitskiy
Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
C. Albert, R. Buchholz, S. Kasilov, W. Kernbichler, P. Lainer & M. Markl
Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
F. C. P. Albert Devasagayam, R. Chandra, N. Fakhrayi Mofrad, M. Groth, T. Kiviniemi, H. Kumpulainen, S. Leerink, R. Mäenpää, P. Ollus, D. Rees, L. Sanchis, A. Sand, S. Sipilä, V. Solokha & J. Varje
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, UK
S. Aleiferis, S. Allan, J. Allcock, L. Appel, W. Arter, I. Balboa, O. Bardsley, R. Bianchetti Morales, A. Bleasdale, A. Boboc, C. Bowman, D. Brunetti, I. S. Carvalho, F. J. Casson, C. D. Challis, B. Chapman, N. J. Conway, Y. Damizia, S. Dowson, S. Elmore, F. Eriksson, T. Farley, A. R. Field, N. Fil, M. Fitzgerald, M. Fontana, R. Futtersack, L. Garzotti, S. N. Gerasimov, Z. Ghani, S. Gibson, C. Giroud, V. Gopakumar, C. J. Ham, J. Harrison, N. C. Hawkes, S. Henderson, R. Henriques, J. C. Hillesheim, L. Horvath, Z. Huang, P. Jacquet, I. Jepu, D. Keeling, H. T. Kim, D. B. King, V. G. Kiptily, K. K. Kirov, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, L. Kogan, D. Kos, K. D. Lawson, M. Lennholm, E. Litherland Smith, P. J. Lomas, C. Lowry, C. F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, S. Marsden, M. Maslov, G. F. Matthews, M. L. Mayoral, G. McArdle, A. G. Meigs, S. Menmuir, H. Meyer, F. Militello, J. Mitchell, D. Moulton, C. Olde, H. J. C. Oliver, N. Osborne, R. Otin, V. V. Parail, A. Parrott, A. Patel, B. Patel, M. Poradzinski, F. G. Rimini, C. Roach, P. Ryan, D. Ryan, S. Saarelma, S. Scully, S. E. Sharapov, R. Sharma, A. Shaw, S. A. Silburn, J. Simpson, S. Smith, C. Srinivasan, Z. Stancar, C. I. Stuart, H. J. Sun, G. Szepesi, D. Taylor, E. Tholerus, B. Thomas, A. Thornton, A. Tookey, D. F. Valcarcel, M. Valovic, K. Verhaegh, I. Voitsekhovitch, D. Weston, A. Widdowson, T. Wilson, L. Xiang, Y. Zayachuk, J. R. Harrison, M. Aljunid, S. Y. Allan, L. C. Appel, A. Ash, J. Ashton, O. Bachmann, B. Barrett, D. Beckett, J. Bennett, J. Buchanan, N. Bulmer, A. Carruthers, J. Clark, M. Coy, G. Cunningham, T. Da Assuncao, P. Davies, I. E. Day, S. Dixon, T. Eagles, J. Edmond, H. El-Haroun, S. D. Elmore, I. Fitzgerald, S. Gee, R. Harrison, S. S. Henderson, C. Hickling, R. Hussain, P. Jepson, B. Kandan, I. Katramados, D. King, R. King, A. Kirk, M. Kochan, M. Lees, G. Liddiard, C. Man-Friel, F. Mansfield, R. Martin, R. McAdams, K. G. McClements, D. McConville, C. McKnight, P. McKnight, A. McShee, J. Measures, N. Mehay, D. Morbey, O. Myatra, M. Nicassio, E. Parr, B. Parry, B. S. Patel, D. Payne, M. Price, R. Proudfoot, P. Richardson, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, C. M. Roach, M. Robson, E. Rose, R. Sarwar, P. Saunders, R. Scannell, R. Seath, P. Shi, M. Simmonds, J. Smith, A. Smith, R. Stephen, P. Stevenson, J. Stobbs, M. Stott, C. Stroud, C. Tame, N. Thomas-Davies, A. J. Thornton, C. Vincent, G. Voss, M. Warr, D. Wilkins, T. Williams & M. Wood
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Milan, Italy
E. Alessi, W. Bin, I. Casiraghi, F. Causa, M. De Angeli, S. Garavaglia, G. Gervasini, F. M. Ghezzi, G. Granucci, L. Laguardia, E. Lazzaro, G. Marcer, A. Mariani, A. Moro, A. Muraro, S. Nowak, E. Perelli Cippo, M. Rebai, D. Ricci, D. Rigamonti, D. Ripamonti, N. Rispoli, S. Schmuck, A. Selce, C. Sozzi & M. Tardocchi
Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
J. Alhage, J. Hall & G. Verdoolaege
Dip.to Fusione e Tecnologie per la Sicurezza Nucleare, Rome, Italy
M. Alonzo, G. M. Apruzzese, M. Baruzzo, F. Bombarda, L. Boncagni, P. Buratti, M. Cappelli, A. Cardinali, C. Castaldo, C. Cianfarani, O. D’Arcangelo, B. Esposito, D. Fiorucci, G. Ghillardi, E. Giovannozzi, D. Liuzza, D. Marocco, C. Mazzotta, C. Monti, F. Napoli, F. P. Orsitto, V. Piergotti, C. Piron, G. Pucella, G. Rocchi, G. Rubino, L. Senni & M. Zerbini
National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
G. Anastasiou, F. Bairaktaris, P. V. Kazantzidis, Y. Kominis, A. Lazaros, A. Papadopoulos, P. Papagiannis, C. Tsironis, S. I. Valvis & P. Zestanakis
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
E. Andersson Sunden, M. Cecconello, S. Conroy, G. Ericsson, J. Eriksson, B. Eriksson, L. Hagg & A. Hjalmarsson
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching bei München, Germany
C. Angioni, M. Balden, M. Bernert, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, N. Bonanomi, D. Brida, A. Burckhart, A. Cathey, A. Chankin, D. Coster, P. David, A. Di Siena, M. Dunne, R. Dux, T. Eich, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, R. Fischer, L. Giannone, T. Gleiter, T. Görler, G. Grenfell, M. Griener, O. Grover, A. Gude, T. Happel, P. Heinrich, J. Hobirk, M. Hölzl, J. Kalis, A. Kappatou, K. Krieger, O. Kudlacek, P. Lang, A. Lier, O. Linder, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, T. Lunt, S. Makarov, M. Maraschek, R. McDermott, V. Mitterauer, R. Ochoukov, O. Pan, G. Papp, G. Pautasso, U. Plank, B. Ploeckl, T. Pütterich, M. Reich, K. Särkimäki, P. Schneider, R. Schramm, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, F. Sciortino, B. Sieglin, D. Silvagni, J. Stober, W. Suttrop, B. Tal, G. Tardini, W. Tierens, M. Usoltseva, G. Vogel, M. Weiland, M. Willensdorfer, M. Wischmeier & C. F. B. Zimmermann
Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, PIIM UMR 7345, Marseille, France
Y. Anquetin, S. Benkadda, M. Carole, M. Dicorato, J. Gardarein, M. Koubiti, S. Mazzi, M. Muraglia, C. Pardanaud, J. Rosato & D. Zarzoso
Consorzio CREATE, Naples, Italy
M. Ariola, A. G. Chiariello, G. De Tommasi, L. E. di Grazia, R. Martone, M. Mattei, A. Pironti, A. Quercia & F. Villone
Aix Marseille University, CNRS PIIM, Marseille, France
C. Arnas, R. Bisson, A. Escarguel & C. Martin
IRFM-CEA Centre de Cadarache, Sant-Paul-lez-Durance, France
J. F. Artaud, M. H. Aumeunier, E. Bernard, C. Bourdelle, R. Brunet, V. Bruno, H. Bufferand, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, L. Colas, Y. Corre, X. Courtois, A. Da Ros, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, M. Diez, P. Donnel, D. Douai, L. Dubus, R. Dumont, A. Durif, A. Ekedahl, N. Fedorczak, M. Firdaouss, A. Gallo, J. Garcia, J. Gerardin, G. Giruzzi, C. Guillemaut, R. Guirlet, J. Gunn, J. Hillairet, E. Hodille, M. Houry, P. Huynh, E. Joffrin, A. Juven, X. Litaudon, T. Loarer, P. Maget, P. Manas, D. Mazon, R. Mitteau, J. Morales, P. Moreau, E. Nardon, R. Nouailletas, B. Pegourie, Y. Peysson, V. Quadri, C. Reux, M. Richou, N. Rivals, R. Sabot, N. Schoonheere, M. Scotto D’Abusco, P. Tamain, Q. Tichit, E. Tsitrone, S. Vartanian, H. Yang & X. Zou
Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
O. Asztalos, P. Balázs, G. Cseh, D. Dunai, S. Olasz, G. Petravich, G. Pokol, G. Por, D. Refy, T. Szepesi & M. Vecsei
University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
L. Aucone, S. Cancelli, F. Caruggi, M. Cavedon, A. Celora, G. Croci, A. Dal Molin, M. Dalla Rosa, G. Gorini, M. H. Kushoro, A. Milocco, M. Nocente, E. Panontin & O. Putignano
Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
J. Ayllon, H. Chen, D. J. Cruz Zabala, J. J. Domínguez Palacios Durán, S. Doyle, J. Galdon, M. Garcia Munoz, J. Hidalgo Salaverri, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Mancini, K. McKay, P. Oyola Dominguez, J. F. Rivero Rodriguez, C. F. Romero Madrid, J. Rueda Rueda, M. Toscano Jiménez, L. Velarde Gallardo & E. Viezzer
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
E. Aymerich, B. Cannas, S. Carcangiu, A. Fanni, M. Lacquaniti, A. Montisci, F. Pisano & G. Sias
Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT Cagliari, Madrid, Spain
A. Baciero, D. Carralero, E. De la Cal, E. De La Luna, T. Estrada, J. Fontdecaba Climent, D. Gadariya, A. González Ganzábal, N. Panadero, G. Ratta, E. R. Solano & I. Voldiner
Electromagnetic Engineering and Fusion Science, EECS, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
L. Bähner, L. Dittrich, L. Frassinetti, M. Hoppe, T. Johnson, H. Nyström, P. Petersson & B. Zaar
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
T. Barberis, R. Bonifetto, C. Meineri, D. Milanesio, F. Porcelli, L. Singh & F. Subba
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
C. Barcellona
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
T. Bensadon, S. Futatani, D. Gallart & J. Manyer
Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
H. Betar & D. Del Sarto
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kraków, Poland
J. Bielecki
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung Plasmaphysik, Jülich, Germany
D. Borodin, S. Brezinsek, J. Cai, J. W. Coenen, T. Dittmar, P. Drews, S. Ertmer, M. Flebbe, D. Harting, J. Huang, A. Huber, A. Kirschner, A. Knieps, U. Knoche, A. Krämer Flecken, A. Kreter, Y. Liang, D. Matveev, M. Rasinski, R. Rayaprolu, S. Rode, J. Romazanov, G. Sergienko, A. Terra, E. Wang, S. Wiesen, S. Xu, R. Yi & M. Zlobinski
DIFFER-Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands
T. O. S. J. Bosman, L. Ceelen, J. Citrin, G. Derks, M. Hamed, A. Ho, J. T. W. Koenders, B. Kool, A. Perek, M. Pueschel & M. van Berkel
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
S. Brezinsek & S. Rode
Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
F. Brochard & S. Heuraux
Laboratory for Plasma Physics LPP-ERM/KMS, Brussels, Belgium
J. Buermans, K. Crombe, F. Durodie, Y. Kazakov, E. Lerche, J. Ongena & D. Van Eester
Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
R. Calado, R. Coelho, D. Costa, J. Ferreira, D. Ferreira, A. Figueiredo, L. Gil, F. Nabais, M. F. Nave, V. Plyusnin, P. Rodrigues, J. Santos, C. Silva, A. Silva & J. Vicente
DEIM Department, Universitá degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
F. Cani, D. Mancini, P. Mantica, A. Mele, Y. Nakeva & A. Redl
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
S. Carli, N. Horsten & O. Renders
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
D. Carnevale, D. Frigione, S. Galeani, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, L. Martellucci, F. Martinelli, R. Masocco, F. Oliva, S. Palomba, E. Peluso, C. Possieri, R. Rossi, M. Sassano, L. Spolladore, A. Tenaglia, G. Verona Rinati & I. Wyss
ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
I. S. Carvalho, S. Jachmich, M. Kochan, U. Kruezi, M. Lehnen & T. Wauters
Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
M. Chernyshova, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, T. Czarski, K. Galazka, W. Gromelski, M. Gruca, I. Ivanova Stanik, M. Jablczynska, E. Kowalska Strzeciwilk, E. Laszynska, K. Malinowski, K. Mikszuta Michalik, G. Pelka, C. Perez Von Thun, G. Telesca & N. Wendler
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
I. H. Coffey
Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia–University of Ljubljana, Lyubljana, Slovenia
S. Costea, T. Gyergyek, J. Kovacic & A. Zohar
York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
C. Cowley, D. Greenhouse, B. Lipschultz, N. Lonigro & R. Vann
The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania
T. Craciunescu, A. M. Croitoru, I. Jepu, I. G. Miron, D. I. Palade, F. Spineanu & M. O. Vlad
Aix-Marseille University, CNRS M2P2, Marseille, France
S. Di Genova
National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
M. Dreval, Y. Kovtun, M. Kozulia, V. Moiseenko, R. Pavlichenko & Y. Siusko
Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK
X. Feng, C. Wade & M. Cecconello
Department of Space, Earth and Environment, SEE, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
E. Fransson, A. Gillgren, A. Ludvig Osipov, P. Strand & D. Yadykin
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Astronautica, Elettrica ed Energetica, SAPIENZA Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
S. Gabriellini, R. Gatto & V. K. Zotta
Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, Marseille, France
J. Gaspar
Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
R. Gerru Miguelanez, A. S. Jacobsen, H. Järleblad, T. Jensen, F. Kjær, E. Klinkby, S. B. Korsholm, M. Larsen, R. D. Nem, A. Nielsen, S. K. Nielsen, A. Poulsen, R. Ragona, J. Rasmussen, B. C. G. Reman, M. Salewski, M. Senstius, B. Simmendefeldt Schmidt, A. Thrysoe, A. Valentini, T. Verdier & M. Wiesenberger
Institute for Nuclear Research, Kyiv, Ukraine
V. Goloborodko, Y. Kolesnichenko, V. Lutsenko, A. Tykhyy & Y. Yakovenko
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
A. Hakola, A. Järvinen, J. Karhunen, A. Kirjasuo, J. Likonen, A. Salmi, A. Snicker & T. Tala
Technische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
G. Harrer & L. Radovanovic
Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
P. Hennequin, S. Rienacker & L. Vermare
Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
C. Ionita Schrittwieser & R. Schrittwieser
Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, Physics Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
H. Isliker
Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia, Bulgaria
P. Ivanova
Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN), Krakow, Poland
A. Jardin
Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
S. Jessica
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
A. Kit, T. Vuoriheimo & L. Zakharov
National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Otwock-Świerk, Poland
K. Koziol, R. Kwiatkowski, E. Pawelec, M. Rabinski, J. Zebrowski & I. Zychor
ICREA and Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
M. Mantsinen
Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi—CNR and Dipartimento di Energia—Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
C. Marchetto
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
J. R. Martin Solis & J. Varela Rodriguez
Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
V. Menkovski, P. Mulholland, Y. Poels, T. Wijkamp, G. L. Derks, B. Kool & T. A. Wijkamp
Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
F. Mombelli, M. Passoni & E. Tonello
Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
J. Parisi, J. Ruiz Ruiz & M. Barnes
Space and Plasma Physics, EECS KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
K. Paschalidis, S. Ratynskaia, E. Thoren, P. Tolias & L. Vignitchouk
Aix Marseille University, CNRS IUSTI UMR 7343, Marseille, France
F. Rigollet
EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Garching, Germany
F. G. Rimini
University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
G. Schettini
Lithuanian Energy Institute, Laboratory of Nuclear Installation Safety, Kaunas, Lithuania
G. Stankunas
V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
A. Titarenko & H. Weisen
Center for Energy Research (CER), University of California-San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
C. Tsui
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
B. Vanovac
Istituto per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Plasmi, CNR, Padova, Italy
N. Vianello
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
A. Wojenski
Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
A. Aboutaleb & W. Boeglin
Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
S. Ahmed
General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA
H. Anand, M. Knolker, A. W. Leonard, Y. Q. Liu, J. McClenaghan, T. Osborne, G. Staebler & W. Wehner
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
Y. Andrew
Astrodel LLC, Boulder, CO, USA
D. Baver
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
J. Berkery
Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK
J. Bradley, P. Bryant, J. Bryant, J. Clark, Y. Damizia, C. Hickling, K. McKay & N. Osborne
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
P. K. Browning
Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Z. P. Chen, R. Fitzpatrick, M. Kotschenreuther & S. Mahajan
York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, UK
C. Cowley, I. Cziegler, Y. Enters, T. Gheorghiu, K. J. Gibson, D. Greenhouse, L. Howlett, K. Imada, B. Lipschultz, N. Lonigro, F. Maiden, B. Pritchard, T. Schuett, R. G. L. Vann & H. R. Wilson
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
N. Crocker, C. A. Michael, T. Rhodes & H. Wong
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research DIFFER, Eindhoven, Netherlands
G. L. Derks, B. Kool & T. A. Wijkamp
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
R. Doyle
National Science Center ‘Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology’, Kharkiv, Ukraine
M. Dreval
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
B. P. Duval, F. Felici, S. Mazzi, H. Reimerdes, O. Sauter, C. Theiler & M. Vallar
CEA, IRFM F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
N. Fedorczak
Division of Fusion Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
L. Frassinetti
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
W. Fuller, B. Hnat & B. F. McMillan
Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
D. Gahle, M. G. O’Mullane, A. Phelps, K. Ronald & D. Speirs
Dpto. de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
J. Galdon-Quiroga & E. Viezzer
IHPC, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
V. H. Hall-Chen
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
J. Hughes
Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, TEC Partner, Brussels, Belgium
Y. O. Kazakov
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
A. McLean & V. A. Soukhanovskii
Department of Computer Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
S. Mordijck
Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
A. O. Nelson, C. Paz-Soldan, J. Riquezes, S. Sabbagh, M. Tobin & V. Zamkovska
Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
P. Ollus
Dipartimento di Fisica ‘G. Galilei’, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
L. Piron
Consorzio RFX, Padova, Italy
L. Piron
ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department, Rome, Italy
C. Piron
University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
G. Prechel
Dpto. de Ingeniería Energética, ETSI, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
L. Velarde
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, Jülich, Germany
S. Wiesen
B.K.: design, execution and analysis of the experiments; system identification analysis and interpretation of the results; exhaust controller development, implementation into the plasma control system and testing; scientific coordinator for the experiments conducted through the internal campaign; development of the front-tracking algorithm for MAST-U and its real-time implementation; main manuscript author; general coordinator of the work. K.V.: design, execution and analysis of the experiments; post-processing the provided STEP SOLPS simulation and generating synthetic spectroscopy signals; substantially contributed to writing the manuscript; discussions on the underlying physics of alternative divertor configurations. G.L.D.: design, execution and analysis of the experiments; system identification analysis and interpretation of the results; development of the core density controller employed in the experiments; development and implementation of the controller logic in the plasma control system. T.A.W.: development of camera inversion routines and real-time implementation of the front-tracking algorithm on the MWI diagnostic (main diagnostic used).; involved in the experiments to ensure proper real-time operation and provided support in using the inversion routines for data analysis. J.T.W.K.: in-depth guidance during preliminary experiments, the development of the front-tracking algorithm and preparatory work in which the foundation was laid for this work. N.L.: responsible for the MWI camera system (main diagnostic used) and its operation, made necessary adjustments to the camera system and was involved in the experiments to ensure proper operation in this non-standard operating mode. G.M.: responsible for the plasma control system and conceived the real-time connection of the MWI camera system to the control system; enabled offline testing of the controller implementation in the plasma control system. C.V.: responsible for the plasma control system; ensured proper operation during experiments and enabled background testing of the controller implementation in the plasma control system. J.L.: scientific coordinator for the experiments conducted through the internal campaign; involved in the design and execution of the experiments. S.S.H.: provided support during the design of the experiments and was involved in their execution. F.F.: providing the IRVB imaging bolometer data and its inversions necessary for validating the results, assisting with its interpretation. D.B.: scientific Coordinator for the EUROfusion part of the experiments; assisted in the design and execution of the experiments. H.R.: assisted in the design of the experiments and their execution; scientific coordinator for the EUROfusion part of the experiments. N.O.: detailed analysis of the physics behind Fulcher band emissions, providing the physics basis for its use as a detachment control sensor. M.v.B.: conceptualization of the work, guidance and substantial manuscript revisions. The EUROfusion tokamak exploitation team: funding and review of the results presented in this work. The MAST-U team: the team that is responsible for the operation of the MAST-U tokamak.
